The Nyankpa people, also known as Yeskwa (plural: Anyankpa), are an indigenous ethnic group predominantly found in the northeastern part of Karu Local Government Area (LGA) in Nasarawa State and the southern part of Jama’a LGA in Kaduna State, Nigeria. With a population exceeding 70,000, the Nyankpa people have a rich cultural heritage and a deep-rooted history that has been preserved over generations.
Language and Identity
Nyankpa is both the name of the ethnic group and their language. Although historically referred to as Yeskwa by the Hausa/Fulani and European settlers during the pre-colonial era, the Nyankpa people prefer their original name, which means “One with the knowledge of leaf(s).” This name signifies their deep connection to nature and traditional medicine.
The Nyankpa language consists of four distinct dialects:
- Nyankpa Ejira
- Nyankpa Ejung
- Nyankpa Engbe
- Nyankpa Ogbom
Settlement and Occupation
Nyankpa is the second-largest indigenous ethnic group in Karu LGA, Nasarawa State. Agriculture is the backbone of their economy, with most people engaged in farming crops and livestock rearing. Apart from agriculture, the Anyankpa also engage in:
- Hunting
- Fishing
- Palm-wine tapping
- Brewing guinea-corn wine (Adek avu)
- Weaving
- Carpentry
- Bricklaying
- Civil service
Palm-wine tapping is particularly notable, as it holds cultural significance among the Nyankpa people. There is even a popular saying among them: “It is far better to steal a Nyankpa man’s wife than to attempt stealing his palm-wine.”
Traditional Leadership and Governance
The Nyankpa people practice a monarchy system of governance, with the Odyong (King) as the highest authority in a Nyankpa settlement. The king is supported by a council of elders and kingmakers known as Asaci’sa. Additionally, each village under Nyankpa jurisdiction is overseen by a family head called Adyong Nyankpa Utep, who ensures order and unity within the community.
Cultural Identity and Social Values
The Nyankpa people are known for their rich traditions and cultural values. They embrace a peaceful and harmonious lifestyle, making them one of the most hospitable ethnic groups in Nigeria. Some distinct characteristics of the Nyankpa people include:
Men: Dark, handsome, and hardworking
Women: Beautiful, strong, patient, and industrious
Children: Obedient, respectful, and well-cultured
Land: Hilly, fertile, and blessed with mineral resources yet to be fully harnessed
The Nyankpa people are a unique and resilient ethnic group with a deep appreciation for their culture, environment, and traditions. Their way of life reflects an enduring commitment to hard work, unity, and a strong sense of identity. As the world continues to evolve, the Nyankpa people remain steadfast in preserving their heritage while embracing opportunities for growth and development. Indeed, their land, culture, and people are truly remarkable.
